Opium and Empire by Grace Richard J.;

Author:Grace, Richard J.;
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: MQUP
Published: 2014-02-15T00:00:00+00:00

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1 James Matheson (Canton) to Robert Lyall (Calcutta), 4 December 1834, James Matheson – Private Letter Book, MS JM, C5/2.

2 The quote, drawn from J. Phipps, A Practical Treatise on China and the Eastern Trade (1836), appears in Greenberg, British Trade and the Opening of China, 193.

3 The Chamber would be expanded in 1836 to include non-British foreigners, particularly Parsis and Americans. Although the Chamber had no coercive powers, it did establish the first formal mechanism for the resolution of commercial disputes, usually by means of the appointment of an arbiter. In the last analysis its influence was that of moral suasion, by directing the force of community opinion against offenders. Downes, The Golden Ghetto, 103–4.

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